Objective The role of the service sector in general and healthcare services in particular have been promoting in Iran’, s economy. The implementation of the Health System Transformation Plan and the injection of new financial resources into this sector have raised concerns about the health system function. Thus, this is the first attempt to estimate and evaluate the share of rehabilitation services in the Iranian economic and health systems. Materials & Methods The study utilized longitudinal trend analysis using the National Health Accounts data during 2002-2015. National Health Accounts, through input-output tables, breaks down the share of different sources of financing for different functions of the health system. According to this method, both the share of rehabilitation services in Iran’, s economy and the financing sources of these activities have been calculated and compared to other countries. Data on Iran's National Health Accounts has been collected from the Statistical Center of Iran. International data is collected from the World Health Organization's National Health Accounts and the databases of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member countries. Results Expenditures related to rehabilitation services in Iran increased from 884 billion rials in 2002 to more than 2967 billion rials in 1396, equivalent to 0. 02% of Iran's GDP in that year. The share of rehabilitation expenditures in total health expenditures in 2007 was at its highest level (0. 3%). In the following years, it has always had a decreasing trend. In 1396 it reached about 22. 0%, the lowest amount during 16 Last year. Comparing the economic share of rehabilitation of the country's economic activities with different countries shows that the position of this sector is in no way comparable to developed countries and is even lower than many developing countries. Tunisia, Tonga, and Moldova have a similar situation to Iran's economy, with rehabilitation services accounting for about 0. 05 to 0. 1 percent of their total economic activity. Comparison of the prevalence of disability in these countries with Iran shows that these countries had a lower prevalence than Iran. Examination of the share of various sources shows that out-of-pocket payments with households with 6. 37 percent, the most, and the government with 7. 18 percent had the least role in financing rehabilitation services. It is noteworthy that this figure was about 65% before implementing the health system transformation plan. Social insurance in 2017 also covered only 6. 24% of rehabilitation costs. Conclusion Inaccessibility of people with disabilities to healthcare services is a very serious issue in the world. The rehabilitation services expenditures have always been mentioned as one of the most important barriers of accessing to these services. Following the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan, the share of rehabilitation activities in Iran’, s health market has been shrunk.

People who have experienced different physical, psychological, and social harms may have challenges other than health threat to face due to various reasons. Challenges that despite treatments and medical interventions may cause the affected individual to be incapable of returning to the society and necessitate further processes for returning to normal life. This topic relates to disability in rehabilitation science. In spite of developments of rehabilitation science in recent decades, from a legal and especially human rights perspective, legal gaps in relation to rehabilitation exist. Thus, in this article with human rights in mind and considering the hypothesis that access to rehabilitation services is a human right and from an analytical descriptive aspect we answer the question that whether access to rehabilitation services could be recognized as a an independent human right?

Objective Responsiveness is a process that all organizations, such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, need to implement it in order to legitimize their activities; and on the other hand, the recipients of rehabilitation services as a citizen of the community have a special place. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine and compare the response status of rehabilitation service providers from the perspective of People With Disabilities (PWD) and their families in Tehran in 2016. Materials & Methods The study is descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study consisted of all people with disabilities and their families who received rehabilitation services (Red Crescent, Wellbeing, Private Sector) in 2017. Samples were collected from rehabilitation centers of 5 districts of Tehran, using available sampling. The questionnaire was distributed based on the Response Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2000) and 357 samples were collected. Adults with physical and motor disabilities and families with children with physical disabilities were included in the study, as well as those with mental disabilities and those who did not wish to participate in the study, as well as incomplete and unread questionnaires. The questionnaire has eight domains and included 25 questions. The questionnaire was distributed among 11 rehabilitation specialists with CVI=0. 91 and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 questionnaires in four centers in two weeks with a correlation coefficient of 0. 83 and Cronbach's alpha of 0. 77. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) by using SPSS V. 22. Results The results showed that the age of the majority of patients (49. 6%) was in the group of 30-39 years. Depending on the type of center, the mean age included 49. 5% in private centers, 49. 5% in the welfare centers, and 50% in Red Crescent. The highest responsiveness was related to the dimensions of the right to choose and environmental quality (2. 6 and 2. 41 out of 5, respectively) in private centers, environmental quality (2. 1 out of 5) in welfare centers, and then, right to choose had the highest score. The lowest accountability was reported for dignity (2. 18 out of 5). The mean scores of social support dimensions in the three types of center were statistically different (P=0. 001), as well as the mean scores of immediate attention (P=0. 002), participation in decision-making (P=0. 009), confidentiality (P=0. 010), and total responsiveness (P=0. 04) there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of referral type and mean scores of immediate attention dimensions in the two sex groups (P=0. 022). However, the mean scores of total responsiveness dimensions in marital status (P=0. 446) and type of insurance (P=0. 535) were not statistically significant. Conclusion The findings of this study displayed that responsibility as a criterion of quality of rehabilitation services, in fact, provides a clear picture of the clients’ performance. Responsibility of welfare centers was better than private and Red Crescent Centers. In this study, rehabilitation centers had the lowest performance in areas of transparent communication, dignity, and social support which may result in lower dignity which may indicate less attention to the dignity of the recipient of the service and the deficiency of insufficient insurance coverage to support rehabilitation services. While these dimensions of responsiveness are important for services recipients. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to the rehabilitation system in these areas (transparent communication, dignity and social protection). Also, it is recommended further studies in the area of responsiveness of rehabilitation system.

Dear editor-in-chief: People living in rural areas far from health care centers are more likely to require health care services because of their long-distance services and poverty [1].

Background and Aim: Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is a technique widely used in developing marketing strategies and improving products or service quality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of rehabilitation services in two aspects of importance and satisfaction with performance in four selected centers in Tehran by using IPA and also examine the relationship between demographic variables and dimensions of the service quality.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was done among the 196 patients who visited four selected rehabilitation centers in Tehran (Helal-e-Ahmar, Molavi, Emam Khomeini and Shafa). A questionnaire was used to assess the quality of services in these centers. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17.Results: According to the results, the quality of services in selected centers took place in the first quarter of Importance-Performance Analysis that means they are in desirable situation. In addition, no significant difference was observed among importance and performance of dimensions of service quality and age and sex variables (P>0.05). But there was a correlation between importance (P=0.04) and satisfaction with performance (P=0.03) in tangibles dimension and also between importance and level of education variable in assurance dimension (P=0.01).Conclusion: Although the selected centers were in the favorable situation, but the managers should be aware of strengths and weaknesses of the organization so that they provide quality improvement and increase customer’s satisfaction.

Similar to many other nations, Iran is committed to achieving universal health coverage, which includes the provision of accessible and high-quality rehabilitation services. Consequently, several legislative measures have been enacted to regulate the sector. However, a closer examination of these laws reveals numerous systemic challenges that impact critical health system functions, such as procurement, financing, resource allocation, service delivery, accountability, and overall quality.

Background: Physical rehabilitation, as one of the rehabilitation disciplines, can play a great role in humanitar-ian reliefs. The effectiveness of physical rehabilitation services is completely dependent on time of intervention, the importance of good timing in providing services during disasters is not well understood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the physical rehabilitation services provided in disasters and emergen-cies. Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Data-base) was undertaken from Jan 2000 to Sep 2017. All English studies reporting physical rehabilitation services in natural and man-made disasters were selected regardless of study design. The included studies were analyzed by descriptive and analytical method. Results: Thirteen studies were included after reviewing by title, abstract and full text in this study. Most of the physical rehabilitation studies come back to recent years. Most of the disaster physical rehabilitation services were physiotherapy and occupational therapy. The physical rehabilitation experts have been attended in the affected area from the few first hours until several months after disasters in order to provide the required ser-vices to the affected population. Conclusion: There are few studies about physical rehabilitation services provided in the disaster-affected areas and this study showed that the services were limited and at different times. Physical rehabilitation services post disasters should have a comprehensive service model, like other health services. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies to achieve this aim.

rehabilitation program is a critical piece of clinical care strategy in order to accelerate healing and improve quality of life to the fullest extent possible. An innovated program should have 3 inspiring concepts: Seek; inspire and Advance. Seeking and evaluating is a breakthrough technology, innovative methodology and emerging trend in the healthcare industry. The program should inspire clinicians to critically evaluate and implement the highest standards of care. Also an innovated program should advance clinical program development to maximize opportunities for first-to-market positioning and community partnerships. The scope of program can be from psycho-rehabilitation to predictor in addiction (1-3), Cognitive and motor rehabilitation researchers are quite concerned about system wide biases that may impair development of innovative rehabilitation techniques.

Background: Access to rehabilitation services is considered to be a right for all people. One of the most important indicators for access to rehabilitation services is an individual’ s general acceptance of rehabilitation. This tool was designed based on relevant studies and experiences of rehabilitation specialists to design a questionnaire to specifically measure patient acceptability of physical rehabilitation services. Methods: In this study, an exploratory sequential mixed methods design was used. The first phase included a review of the literature and analysis of relevant studies, focus group discussions, and qualitative content analysis. In the second phase, construct validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, convergent and divergent validity were measured. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega) and construct reliability. Statistical procedures were calculated by SPSS-AMOS24 and JASP0. 9. 2 software Results: A total of 200 questionnaires were completed by members of Iranian Disability Campaign. Three factors and 25 items were identified according to results of the first phase of this study. In the second phase, face validity was confirmed. To assess the content validity ratio, 9 items, with the mean of content validity ratio (CVR) < 0. 49, were deleted, while the content validity index (CVI) < 0. 79 was revised. The kappa coefficient < 0. 6 was fair and scale content validity index (SCVI) under 0. 9 was considered appropriate. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 48% of the variance of the acceptability of physical rehabilitation services was based on patients’ satisfaction, ethical behavior, and patient centered services. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the suitability of the final model. Convergent and divergent validity and reliability of the measure, the Physical rehabilitation services Acceptability questionnaire was fulfilled. Conclusion: Findings indicated that the proposed constructs that promoted the Acceptability of Physical rehabilitation services Questionnaire had good validity and reliability in participants with physical disabilities.